python3

import-package

dependency

python 通过pip(类似于npm/cargo的包管理工具) pipenv(虚拟化python包依赖环境使得每个python项目的包环境能够相互隔离 python特有的问题?) pipfile (记录安装的包)
pip 与 Pipfile
所以看起来 pipenv <==> npm/cargo 值得注意的是只用使用pipenv shell才是真正的shell环境

install pip3

sudo apt-get install python3-pip

install pipenv

pip3 install pipenv

install package by pipfile

pipenv install

add-a-new-package

pipenv install <package>

pipenv

import-into-local

规范

每个函数必须通过文档(文档字符串) 表明参数类型返回值类型文档字符串

类型名驼峰.文件,方法,属性,变量小写下划线(snake_case)

包管理

pip pipenv

测试

unittest

python 自带的测试框架原理应该是通过继承来使得某个类是拥有运行测试的能力

python -m unittest discover # 自动跑所有测试
python -m unittest test.test_find_unknow_words 
# python -m unittest ${test-folder-name}.${test-file-name} # 制定测试文件

test suite

通过在测试类中实现特定的方法来实现初始化和析构 setUp() => beforeEach() tearDown() => afterEach()

# basic example
import unittest

class TestStringMethods(unittest.TestCase):

    def test_upper(self):
        self.assertEqual('foo'.upper(), 'FOO')

    def test_isupper(self):
        self.assertTrue('FOO'.isupper())
        self.assertFalse('Foo'.isupper())

    def test_split(self):
        s = 'hello world'
        self.assertEqual(s.split(), ['hello', 'world'])
        # check that s.split fails when the separator is not a string
        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
            s.split(2)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    unittest.main()

语法

l-string-fmt

最新的姿势叫做f-strings

name = "misaki"
age = "16"
desc = f"{name} is {age} years old"
print(desc)

OO

类中如何定义属性初始化设置/获取属性如何定义方法

Class Demo:
    count_of_call_get = 0 # class attribute access via Demo.count_of_call_get
    def __init(self) {
        self.a = "a" # a is instance attribute
    }
    def get_a(self) {
        return self.a # acess via self
    }
    
    def set_a(self) {
        return self.a # modify via self
    }

# 构造类
Demo(xx)

capture-control-c-in-python

try:
    # DO THINGS
except KeyboardInterrupt:
    # quit
    sys.exit()

实际上每个try catch 都必须处理KeyboardInterrupt才能生效

try catch

try:
    raise Exception('spam', 'eggs')
except Exception as inst:
    print(inst)

抛出异常

raise Exception('x should not exceed 5. The value of x was: {}'.format(x))

控制流

name = 'luren'
if name == 'python': 
    print 'welcome boss'
else:
    print name

import

l-io

l-console-out

# python3中并没有println print 会默认带换行
print("xxx")

Exist&Change